A Note from Susan Wilkins
Garden Curator

Published in The Fringed Gentian, Autumn 2008, Vol 56-4.

As autumn deepens, another Wildflower Garden season is about to come to an end.

This September, field staff members planted 276 trees and shrubs selected and ordered by Garden staff members and paid for through a donation from the Friends of the Wildflower Garden. These specimens were planted in a wooded area just north of the back gate near Mallard Pond and on the hillside beyond.

This planting is part of a greater, long-term effort to rid the Wildflower Garden of invasive plants and to elevate it to a state of greater health, vitality and bio diversity.

Intensive invasive species removal efforts in this area began in 2004 when the hillside behind Mallard Pond and the wooded areas adjacent to the Garden’s back fence were infested with buckthorn, which sometimes formed an impenetrable thicket. Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board staff members, including Garden staff members, Park Board gardeners, and Environmental Management crew members, spent several years removing thicket after thicket of buckthorn from the Wildflower Garden, including the back fence and Mallard Pond areas. In certain parts of the Wildflower Garden, including the area that was replanted this fall, numerous individuals from Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board volunteer programs and people from several different organizations jumped in to lend a hand, speeding up the removal efforts while making a deeper connection to the Garden. The end result has been the return to a more healthy woodland, free of the buckthorn that once plagued it.

The story doesn’t end there, though. For any successful restoration, either the local seed source needs to be strong enough to serve as the foundation for native plant regeneration or new native plant material needs to be added. We hope that the addition of more native shrubs and trees will increase species diversity and re-create the natural structure and appearance of a healthy woodland understory in the vicinity of Mallard Pond.

Although the mature buckthorn shrubs have been removed from this area and new native woody plants were planted in September, plenty of buckthorn seeds remain in the seed bank. In addition, birds deliver buckthorn seeds daily to the Wildflower Garden from two common buckthorn species still found in great numbers in nearby parks and neighborhoods. These seeds likely will germinate and buckthorn will continue to make itself known in the Wildflower Garden in the form of tiny seedlings for many years.

Above: A view of the hillside area north of the Mallard Pool where part of the new planting took place.

Below: Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board intern Daniel Yoder planting a Witchhazel near the back gate. (photo by Judy Remington)

Shrubs
American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia)
American Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum)
American Elder (Sambucus canadensis)
American Hazelnut (Corylus americana)
Common Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Glossy Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)
Red-Berried Elder (Sambucus pubens)
Saskatoon Serviceberry (Amelanchier ainifolia)

Trees
Allegheny Serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis)
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis)
Common Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana)
Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa)
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
Wafer Ash (Ptelea trifoliata)
Wild Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Yellow Birch (Betula allegheniensis)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)

(last two not paid by The Friends)