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Plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden |
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Common |
Scientific |
Plant |
Garden |
Prime |
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Green-headed Coneflower |
Rudbeckia laciniata L. |
Aster (Asteraceae) |
Upland and Woodland |
Late Summer to Early Autumn |
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Other names and notes |
(Wild Goldenglow; Tall Coneflower; Cut-leaf Coneflower). The flower heads can be 2 1/2 to 4" wide with 6 to 10 yellow drooping rays. The central disk is greenish-yellow before flower maturity at which time it turns dark brown, just like Gray-headed Coneflower (Ratibida pinnata ) except the Gray-headed has a taller central disk. The leaves can also be a distinguishing characteristic between the two plants. Flower bracts are of unequal length, pointed, with whitish hair at the tips and stick out between the yellow rays. The flowers of the central disk have a yellow corolla, five lobes and 5 stamens and mature to a dry seed. The lower leaves are pinnately divided into lobed leaflets that are irregular and different from the Gray-headed Coneflower (see comparison below). Upper leaves will have fewer lobes than basal leaves. Stems can reach 7+ feet in height, are smooth and branch near the top into multiple flower heads. Best in full sun and somewhat moist soil. The genus is named after the Swedish father and son, - O. J. and O. O. Rudbeck, who were professors of botany and predecessors of Linnaeus. |
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Notes: Green-headed Coneflower is indigenous to the Garden area. Martha Crone also listed the plant on her 1951 Garden Census. This plant is native to most counties in Minnesota except a few in the SW and in the far North Central. Absent in Cook County. It is widely distributed in North America - most of the states except CA, NV and OR, and most lower Canadian Provinces except Alberta and Saskatchewan. There are eight listed varieties of the plant. Eloise Butler wrote: "Veritable fields of cloth of gold are now gleaming with sunflowers, coneflowers and golden rods, not for kings alone, but for all the people. In this display of gold the tall coneflower, Rudbeckia laciniata, takes the lead - a brother of Black-eyed Susan, with eyes of golden brown, fringed with longer, drooping lashes of paler yellow" text from writing of Aug. 13, 1911. Lore: In her study of the Minnesota Chippewa, Frances Densmore (Ref. #5) reports the use of this plant in their native medicine. The root and with equal parts of the root of Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) were steeped in water and then the fluid was drank to cure indigestion. A treatment for burns was a poultice made from the flowers of Giant Hyssop, Canada Goldenrod and the flowers of R. laciniata. |
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| References: Plant characteristics are generally from sources 15, 16, 30, 31, 33, W2 & W3. Distribution principally from W2 and also 31, 34 and W1. Planting history generally from 1, 4 & 4a. Other sources by specific reference. See Reference List for details. | |||||||||||||||||
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