Archive Plants by Common Name at Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden

Site Plan and Archive

Friends of the Wild Flower Garden

A sampling of plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden, both present and historic, and with a few outsiders added in.


Clicking the web-link on the common name gives a page of photos and plant information in a separate window. Plants without links to an info page will have a thumbnail photo in the thumbnail pages listed at right.	Pages for thumbnail photos only (by common name): A - D E - M N - S T - Z Grasses Ferns (by scientific name)
Ferns and Grasses are listed with the flowering forbs. Trees and large shrubs are listed separately after the forbs. Go There Invasive plants are re-listed as a group after the trees. Go There Historical (once present) and other Minnesota plants not in the Garden are so noted.

Botanical classification: Over the last several years Botanists have reclassified many plants from previous classifications. In some cases consolidating species and varieties and in some cases reclassifying to a different genus. We use the USDA Plants Database which in early 2010 completed a major update of these botanical classifications; The Comprehensively Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Minnesota, version 2011 from the University of MN and the 2009 Garden Census. Reference books in print will not reflect these recent updates until revised editions are published. While many plants may be known by a previous botanical name and, in many cases by a variety of common names, we have updated the listings on this website to the newest nomenclature. Note: While we have tried to be as accurate as possible in the information given, there may be unintended errors. Please advise us if you suspect the information is not accurate.
Common Name	Scientific Name
Aaron's Rod: See - Live Forever	Hylotelephium telephium L. [old - Sedum telephium]
Agrimony (Soft Agrimony)	Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.
Allegheny Blackberry	Rubus allegheniensis Porter
Alum Root see American Alumroot	Heuchera americana L.
Amberique Bean (Trailing Wild Bean)	Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott
American Alumroot	Heuchera americana L.
American Bellflower -see- Tall Bellflower	Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small
American Bittersweet -see- Climbing Bittersweet	Celastrus scandens L.
American Feverfew: See Wild Quinine	Parthenium integrifolium L.
American Germander (Wood Sage): See Canada Germander	Teucrium canadense L.
American Hog Peanut	Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald.
American Lopseed	Phryma leptostachya L.
American Mannagrass	Glyceria grandis S. Watson
American Vetch	Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.
Anise or Fragrant Giant Hyssop - see Blue Giant Hyssop	Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Anise Root	Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.
Asters - See: Aromatic Aster Azure Aster (Sky Blue Aster) Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster) Calio Aster - (Side Flowering Aster) Common Blue Wood Aster (Heart-leaved Aster) Flat-topped Aster Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster) Many-flowered Aster (Heath Aster) Ontario Aster New England Aster Panicled Aster (White Panicle Aster) Redstem Aster (Purplestem Aster) Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster) Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster) Smooth Blue Aster Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster) White Arrowleaf Aster White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster) White Panicle Aster White Wood Aster
Aromatic Aster - Historical, not extant	Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom
Arrow-leaved Tearthumb	Polygonum sagittatumL.
Arrow-leaved Aster see White Arrowleaf Aster	Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom
Arrowleaf Violet	Viola sagittata Aiton
Arrowgrass	Triglochin palustris L.
Asparagus	Asparagus officinalis L.
Autumn Onion -see- Wild Onion	Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl.
Azure Aster see Sky Blue Aster	Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) var. oolentangiense [old- Aster azureus]
Baneberry, Red (Red berry form)	Actaea rubra Willd.
Baneberry, Red (White berry form)	Actaea rubra Willd.
Baneberry, White	Actaea pachypoda Elliot
Bastard Toadflax	Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Bedstraws -see - Fragrant Bedstraw - Northern Bedstraw - Rough Bedstraw - Shining Bedstraw - Threepetal Bedstaw
Beggar-tick -see: - Devil's Begga-tick - Marsh Marigold - Nodding Beggar-tick - see Nodding Bur Marigold - Swamp Beggartick (Purplestem Beggartick)
Beggar's Lice -see Virginia Stickseed
Bellflowers - see: - Clustered Bellflower (Dane's Blood) - European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower) - Harebell - Marsh Bellflower - Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)
Big Bluestem	Andropogon gerardii Vitman
Bigleaf Aster - ( Large-leaved Aster)	Eurybia macrophylla L. Cass. [Old name = Aster macrophyllus]
Bindweeds - see - Black Bindweed - Field Bindweed - Hedge Bindweed
Bird's Foot Coreopsis -see- Stiff Coreopsis	Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small [old- Solidago rigida]
Birdsfoot Trefoil - not in the Garden	Lotus corniculatus L.
Bishop's Cap - see Twoleaf Miterwort	Mitella diphylla L.
Bittercress (Pennsylvania Bitter Cress)	Cardamine pensylvanica Lam.
Bittersweet see Climbing Bittersweet	Celastrus scandens L.
Bittersweet Nightshade: See Climbing Nightshade	Solanum dulcamara L.
Black-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia hirta L.
Black Bindweed - not in the Garden	Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve
Black Bugbane	Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa (old - Cimicifuga racemosa)
Black Cohosh - see Black Bugbane	Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa (old- Cimicifuga racemosa)
Black Medic	Medicago lupulina L.
Black Mustard - not in the Garden	Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Black Nightshade	Solanum nigrum L.
Black Raspberry	Rubus occidentalis L.
Blackberry Lily	Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.
Blackberries and Raspberries -See: - Allegheny Blackberry - Black Raspberry - Dewberry - Dwarf Red Raspberry - Swamp Blackberry - Thimbleberry - Wild Red Raspberry
Blazing Stars -see: - Dense Blazing Star (Spiked Blazing Star) - Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star) - Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star) - Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star) - Prairie Blazing Star - Rough Blazing Star (Rough Gayfeather) - Shaggy Blazing Star
Blisterwort -see- Hooked Crowfoot	Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Bloodroot	Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Blue Cardinal Flower -See- Great Blue Lobelia	Lobelia siphilitica L.
Blue Cohosh	Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.
Blue Flag Iris	Iris versicolor L.
Blue Giant Hyssop (Giant Hyssop)	Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Blue Oatgrass	Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg.
Blue Squill (Siberian Squill)	Scilla siberica Haw.
Blue Vervain (Swamp Vervain)	Verbena hastata L.
Blue Wild Indigo - see - False Blue Indigo	Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
Bluejacket (Ohio Spiderwort)	Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Blunt-leaved Sandwort	Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl [old=Arenaria lateriflora]
Boneset	Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Bottle Gentian (Closed Gentian)	Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Bouncing Bet (Soapwort)	Saponaria officinalis L.
Bracken Fern	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum
Bracted Spiderwort	Tradescantia bracteata Small
Bridewort: See Queen of the Meadow	Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Bristly Buttercup: See Swamp buttercup	Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus
Bristly Greenbrier (Catbrier)	Smilax tamnoides L.
Broad-leaf Cattail	Typha latifolia L.
Broadlleaf Arrowhead	Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
Broadleaf Burweed	Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm.
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade -see- Enchanter's Nightshade	Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis
Brown-eyed Susan (Thin-leaved Coneflower)	Rudbeckia triloba L.
Bugbane see Black Bugbane	Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa (old- Cimicifuga racemosa)
Bulblet Water Hemlock - Not a Garden plant	Cicuta bulbifera L.
Bull Thistle (not in Garden)	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Bulrush - Dark Green	Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
Bur Marigold (Beggar-ticks)	Bidens cernua L.
Burdock - Common (Lesser) - Great	Listed together - Arctium minus Bernh. - Arctium lappa L.
Burnweed	Erechtites hieracifolia E.h (L.) Raf ex DC
Butter and Eggs	Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Butterfly Milkweed	Asclepias tuberosa L.
Buttercups - See: Cursed Crowfoot (Celery-leaf Buttercup) Hooked Crowfoot (Hooked Buttercup) Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup, Small-flowered Buttercup) Swamp Buttercup (Hispid Buttercup, Rough Buttercup, Bristly Buttercup) Tall Buttercup (Upright Meadow Crowfoot)
Calico Aster -see- Side Flowering Aster	Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love [old- Aster lateriflorus]
California Nettle - see- Stinging Nettle	Urtica dioica L. ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Seland.
Canada Anemone	Anemone canadensis L.
Canada Bluegrass	Poa Compressa L.
Canada Germander	Teucrium canadense L.
Canada Goldenrod	Solidago canadensis (L.) var. scabra Torr. & Gray
Canada Lily (Meadow Lily) (Wild Yellow Lily)	Lilium canadense L.
Canada Moonseed	Menispermum canadense L.
Canada Thistle	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Canada Tick-trefoil: See Showy Tick-trefoil	Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.
Canada Violet	Viola canadensis L.
Canada Wild-rye	Elymus canadensis L.
Canadian Hawkweed (Yellow Hawkweed)	Hieracium canadense var. canadense Michx.
Canadian Milk Vetch	Astragalus canadensis L.
Canadian Clearweed	Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray
Canadian White Violet -see- Canada Violet	Viola canadensis L.
Canadian Wild Ginger -see- Wild Ginger	Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wood Nettle -see- Wood Nettle	Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell
Cardinal Flower	Lobelia cardinalis L.
Carrion Flower	Smilax herbacea L.
Catbrier (Bristly Greenbrier)	Smilax tamnoides L.
Catnip - historical, not extant	Nepeta cataria L.
Cattails - see: - Common Cattail (Broad-leaf) - Narrow-leaved Cattail	Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L.
Celandine Poppy -see- Wood Poppy	Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
Celery-leaved Crowfoot - not in the Garden	Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Cherries -see trees and shrubs at bottom of the page
Chickweeds - see: - Long-leaved Chickweed - Mouse-ear Chickweed - Star Chickweed
Chicory	Cichorium intybus L.
Christmas Fern	Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Cinnamon Fern	Osmunda cinnamomea L.
Clammy Ground Cherry	Physalis heterophylla Nees
Clearweed see - Canadian Clearweed	Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray
Cleavers (Stickywilly)	Galium aparine L.
Climbing Bittersweet	Celastrus scandens L.
Climbing Nightshade	Solanum dulcamara L.
Cinquefoils -see: - Common Cinquefoil - Rough Cinquefoil - Rough-fruited Cinquefoil - Silver Cinquefoil
Closed Gentian: See Bottle Gentian	Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Clovers -see - Red Clover - White Clover - White Sweet Clover - Yellow Sweet Clover
Clustered Bellflower (Dane's Blood)	Campanula glomerata L.
Columbine (Red or Wild Columbine)	Aquilegia canadensis L.
Comfrey	Symphytum officinale
Common Beggartick	Bidens frondosa L.
Common Blue Violet	Viola sororia Willd. (Viola papilionacea)
Common Blue Wood Aster -see: Heart-leaved Aster	Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
Common Burdock	Arctium minus Bernh.
Common Cattail	Typha latifolia L.
Common Cinquefoil	Potentilla simplex Michx.
Common Dogbane -see- Spreading Dogbane	Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Common Evening Primrose	Oenothera biennis L.
Common Fleabane see Philadelphia Fleabane	Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Common Milkweed	Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Moonseed -see- Canada Moonseed	Menispermum canadense L.
Common Mullein	Verbascum thapsus L.
Common Periwinkle	Vinca minor L.
Common Plantain	Plantago major L.
Common Ragweed	Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Common St. Johnswort	Hypericum perforatum L.
Common Strawberry	Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Common Yellow Oxalis	Oxalis stricta L.
Compass Plant	Silphium laciniatum L.
Coneflowers - see: - Black-eyed Susan - Green-headed Coneflower (Goldenglow) - Gray-headed Coneflower - Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower) - Pale Purple Coneflower - Purple Coneflower (Eastern Purple) - Thin-leaved Coneflower (Brown-eyed Susan) - White Prairie Clover
Cow Parsnip	Heracleum maximum Bartram
Crabgrass (Hairy Crabgrass)	Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Cranberry - see trees and shrubs at bottom of the page
Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy)	Glechoma hederacea L.
Creeping Jenny - see - Moneywort	Lysimachia nummularia L.
Crinkleroot see Two-leaved Toothwort	Cardamine diphylla (Michx) Alph. Wood
Crown Vetch - not in the Garden	Coronilla varia L.
Culver's root	Veronicastrum virginicum(L.) Farw.
Cup Plant	Silphium perfoliatum L.
Curly Dock	Rumex crispus L.
Curlycup Gumweed - Historical, not extant	Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
Cursed Crowfoot - not in the Garden	Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Cut-leaved Toothwort	Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Small
Cutgrass (Whitegrass)	Leersia virginica Willd.
Cylindrical Blazing Star -see: Ontario Blazing Star	Liatris cylindracea Michx.
Daisy Fleabane see Eastern Daisy Fleabane	Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
Dame's Rocket (Sweet Rocket) (Dame's Violet)	Hesperis matronalis L.
Dane's Blood -see- Clustered Bellflower	Campanula glomerata L.
Dark Green Bulrush	Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
Darkthroat Shooting Star	Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum
Day Lily - see - Orange Day Lily - Yellow Day Lily
Dense Blazing Star	Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.
Devil's Beggartick	Bidens frondosa L.
Devil's Darning Needles: See Virgin's Bower	Clematis virginiana L.
Dewberry (Northern Dewberry)	Rubus flagellaris Willd.
Dodder - Common	Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult
Dogtooth Violet -see- Yellow Trout Lily	Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.
Dogwoods - See trees and shrubs at bottom of the page
Dotted Smartweed	Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small
Downy Gentian	Gentiana puberulenta J. S. Pringle
Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox)	Phlox pilosa L.
Downy Wood Mint	Blephilia cilata (L.) Benth.
Downy Yellow Violet	Viola pubescens Aiton
Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin)	Trillium flexipes Raf.
Duckweed - see Lesser Duckweed	Lemna minor L.
Dutchman's Breeches	Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
Dwarf Red Raspberry	Rubus pubescens Raf.
Early Meadow Rue	Thalictrum dioicum L.
Earlyleaf Brome (grass)	Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
Eastern Bluestar (Willow Amsonia)	Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt.
Eastern Bottlebrush Grass	Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix
Eastern Daisy Fleabane	Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
Eastern False Rue Anemone -see- False Rue Anemone	Enemion biternatum Raf. (former Isopyrum biternatum)
Eastern Purple Coneflower	Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Eastern Swamp Saxifrage	Saxifraga pensylvanica L.
Eastern Waterleaf -see- Virginia Waterleaf	Hydrophyllum virginianum L.
Elderberries -see trees and shrubs at page bottom
Elm-leaved Goldenrod	Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Enchanter's Nightshade	Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus
European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower)	Campanula rapunculoides L.
Evening Primrose - Common Evening Primrose	Oenothera biennis L.
Everlasting Pea - not in the Garden	Lathyrus latifolius L.
False Blue Indigo	Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
False White Indigo see White False Indigo	Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
False Dragonhead see -Obedient Plant	Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
False Rue Anemone (Eastern False Rue Anemone)	Enemion biternatum Raf. (former Isopyrum biternatum)
False Solomon's-seal (Feathery False Lily of the Valley)	Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Old=Smilacina racemosa
Ferns in the Garden
----Bracken Fern	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum
----Brittle Bladderfern (Northern Fragiie)	Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernhardi
----Bulblet Fern	Cystopteris bulbifern (L.) Bernhardi
----Christmas Fern	Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
----Cinnamon Fern	Osmunda cinnamomea L.
----Crested Wood Fern	Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray
----Goldie's Fern (Giant Wood Fern)	Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray
----Grape Fern	Botrychium sp.
----Intermediate Wood Fern	Dryopteris intermedia
----Interrupted Fern	Osmunda claytoniana L.
----Lady Fern	Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
----Marsh Fern	Thelypteris palustris Schott
----Northern Maidenhair Fern	Adiantum pedatum L.
----Ostrich Fern	Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
----Royal Fern	Osmunda regalis L.
----Sensitive Fern	Onoclea sensibilis L.
----Silvery False Spleenwort	Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato
----Spinulose Wood Fern (Toothed Wood Fern)	Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs
----Spreading Wood Fern	Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Fraser-Jeck. & Jermy
Field Bindweed - Historical, not extant	Convolvulus arvensis L.
Field Mint - see Wild Mint	Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis
Field Pennycress - not in the Garden	Thlaspi arvense L.
Field Pussytoes	Antennaria neglecta Greene
Field Sow Thistle - Not a Garden Plant	Sonchus arvensis L.
Field Thistle	Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
Fireweed (Great Willow Herb)	Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub [former - Epilobium angustifolium]
Flat-topped Aster	Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) var. pubens [former - Aster umbellatus]
Fleabanes - see: - Common Fleabane (Philadelphia) - Daisy Fleabane - Lesser Daisy Fleabane - Philadelphia -(Common) - Prairie - see Lesser Daisy Fleabane
Flowering Raspberry (Thimbleberry)	Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Flowering Spurge	Euphorbia corollata L.
Foamflower (Heartleaf Foamflower)	Tiarella cordifolia L.
Fool's Parsley - Not a Garden plant.	Aethusa cynapium L.
Forget-me-not -see - True Forget-me-not	Myosotis scorpioides L.
Four o'clock see Heart-leaved Four o'clock	Mirabilis nyctaginea(Michx.) MacMill.
Fowl Mannagrass	Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
Foxglove -see- Grecian Foxglove	Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Foxglove Beardtongue (Talus Slope Penstemon)	Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims
Fragrant Bedstraw (Sweet-scented Bedstraw)	Galium triflorum Michx.
Fragrant Giant Hyssop - see Blue Giant Hyssop
Fringed Black Bindweed	Polygonum cilinode Michx.
Fringed Loosestrife	Lysimachia ciliata L.
Fringeleaf Wild Petunia	Ruellia humilis Nutt.
Fumewort (Spring Fumewort)	Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.
Galax (Beetleweed)	Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt
Garden Loosestrife	Lysmachia vulgaris L.
Garden Phlox	Phlox paniculata L.
Garlic Mustard	Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Gentians - see: Bottle (Closed) Gentian Plain Gentian (Pale, Yellow, Cream Gentian)
Giant Goldenrod -see: Late Goldenrod	Solidago gigantea Aiton
Giant Ragweed (Not in the Garden)	Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida
Goatsbeards -see: - Meadow Goatsbeard (Yellow Salsify) - Yellow Goatsbeard
Golden Alexanders (Golden Zizia)	Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Golden Ragwort	Packera aurea (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve [old- Senecio aureus]
Goldenglow - see Green-headed Coneflower	Rudbeckia lanciniata L.
Goldenrods -see: - Canada Goldenrod - Elm-leaved Goldenrod - Grass-leaved Goldenrod - Gray Goldenrod (Old Field) - Late Goldenrod (Giant) - Showy Goldenrod - Stiff Goldenrod (Hard-leaved) - Zigzag Goldenrod
Goldenseal	Hydrastis canadensis L.
Goldie's Fern	Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray
Gooseberries -see trees and shurbs at bottom of page
Grass-leaved Goldenrod	Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. graminifolia. [Older - Solidago graminifolia]
Grasses of the Garden	A separate page for all the Garden grasses
Gray Goldenrod (Old Field Goldenrod)	Solidago nemoralis Aiton.
Gray-headed Coneflower	Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart
Great Blue Lobelia	Lobelia siphilitica L.
Great Burdock	Arctium lappa L.
Great Indian Plantain	Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. Rob.
Great Solomon's Seal (Smooth Solomon's Seal)	Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum
Great St. Johnswort	Hypericum ascyron L.
Great Willow Herb: See Fireweed	Chamerion angustifolium L. [old - Epilobium angustifolium]
Greater Yellow Lady's-slipper	Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight (older -Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens)
Grecian Foxglove	Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Green-headed Coneflower (Goldenglow)	Rudbeckia laciniata L.
Greek Valerian -see- Jacob's Ladder	Polemonium reptans L.
Groundnut (Wild Bean)	Apios americana Medik.
Ground Ivy - see Creeping Charlie	Glechoma hederacea L.
Grove Sandwort: See Bluntleaf Sandwort	Moehringia lateriflora L. [old=Arenaria lateriflora]
Hawkweeds - see: - Canadian Hawkweed (Yellow Hawkweed) - Orange Hawkweed
Hairy Bead Grass (Paspalum)	Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Hairy Sunflower -see- Stiff-haired Sunflower	Helianthus hirsutus Raf.
Hairy Wood Mint	Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.
Hairy Woodland Brome (grass)	Bromus pubescens L.
Harebell	Campanula rotundifolia L.
Heal-all (Self Heal)	Prunella vulgaris L.
Heartleaf Foamflower - see- Foamflower	Tiarella cordifolia L.
Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)	Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
Heart-leaved Four-o'clock (Wild Four-o'clock)	Mirabilis nyctaginea(Michx.) MacMill.
Hedge Bindweed (Wild Morning Glory)	Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br.
Helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine)	Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
Hepatica (Round-lobed and Sharp-lobed)	Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. and Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.
Hermit of the Bog - See Skunk Cabbage
Hispid Buttercup: See Swamp Buttercup	Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Hoary Alyssum - Not in the Garden	Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
Hoary Wood Mint (Hairy Wood Mint)	Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.
Hoary Vervain	Verbena stricta L.
Hog Peanut	Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald.
Hooked Crowfoot (Blisterwort)	Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Horse Gentian (Orangefruit Horse Gentian)	Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell
Horsemint - see Spotted Bee-balm	Monarda punctata L. (Historical Garden Plant - not extant.
Indian Cup: See Cup Plant	Silphium perfoliatum L.
Indian Grass	Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
Indianhemp -see- Prairie Dogbane	Apocynum cannabinum L.
Indian Turnip: See Jack-in-the-pulpit	Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Interrupted Fern	Osmunda claytoniana L.
Ironweed (Prairie Ironweed)	Vernonia fasciculata Michx.
Jack-in-the-pulpit (Indian Turnip)	Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jacob's-ladder (Greek Valerian)	Polemonium reptans L.
Japanese Hedge Parsley - Not a Garden plant	Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Japanese Knotweed	Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.
Jerusalem Artichoke	Helianthus tuberosus L.
Jewelweeds see: Pale Touch-me-not) Spotted Touch-me-not (Jewelweed)	Jewelweeds: Impatiens pallida Nutt. Impatiens capensis Meerb. (I. biflora)
Joe-Pye Weeds see -Spotted Joe-Pye Weed -Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed
Kentucky Bluegrass	Poa pratensis L.
Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup)	Ranunculus abortivus L.
King of the Meadow -see- Tall Meadow Rue	Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
Lady's-slippers - see: - Showy Lady's-slipper - Greater Yellow Lady's-slipper - Lesser Yellow Lady's-slipper
Lady Fern	Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Lanceleaf Figwort	Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh.
Large-flowered Beardtongue -see: Showy Beardtongue	Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.
Large-flowered Bellwort	Uvularia grandiflora Sm.
Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium)	Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb.
Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star)	Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum.
Large-leaved Aster (Bigleaf Aster)	Eurybia macrophylla L. Cass. [Old name = Aster macrophyllus]
Late Goldenrod (Giant Goldenrod)	Solidago gigantea Aiton
Leadplant	Amorpha canescens Pursh
Leafy Spurge	Euphorbia esula L.
Leopard Flower - see Blackberry Lily	Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.
Lesser Burdock	Arctium minus Bernh.
Lesser Daisy Fleabane	Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Lesser Duckweed	Lemna minor L.
Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid historical plant (not extant)	Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.
Lesser Yellow Lady's-slipper historical plant (not extant)	Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin
Lilies - see: - Blackberry Lily (Leopard Flower) - Canada Lily (Meadow - Wild Yellow Lily) - Michigan Lily - Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily - Orange Day Lily - Turk's Cap Lily - Yellow Day Lily - Yellow Trout Lily - White Trout Lily
Little Bluestem	Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium
Littleleaf Buttercup - see: Kidneyleaf Buttercup	Ranunculus abortivus L.
Live Forever (Witch's Moneybags)	Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. [old - Sedum telephium]
Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower)	Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Long-leaved Chickweed (Long-leaved Stichwort)	Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Loosestrifes -see: - Fringed Loosestrife - Garden Loosestrife - Purple Loosestrife - Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife) - Whorled Loosestrife
Lopseed	Phryma leptostachya L.
Mad-dog Skullcap	Scutellaria lateriflora L.
Maidenhair Fern see Northern Maidenhair Fern	Adiantum pedatum L.
Maltese Cross Historical plant -not extant	Lychnis chalcedonica L.
Many-flowered Aster -see - White Heath Aster	Symphyotrichum ericoides L. [old- Aster ericoides]
Marsh Bellflower - Historic plant, not extant	Campanula aparinoides Pursh
Marsh Hedge-nettle - Historical, not extant	Stachys palustris L.
Marsh Marigold (Cowslip)	Caltha palustris L.
Marsh Muhly Grass	Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Marsh Skullcap	Scutellaria galericulata L.
May Apple	Podophyllum peltatum L.
Meadow Evening Primrose -see- Prairie Sundrops	Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Meadow Goatsbeard (Yellow Salsify)	Tragopogon dubius Scop.
Meadow sweet: See Queen of the Meadow	Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Mexican Muhly (Satin Grass)	Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Michigan Lily	Lilium michiganense L.
Milkweeds - see - Butterfly Weed - Common Milkweed - Poke Milkweed - Swamp Milkweed - Whorled Miklweed
Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily	Erythronium propullans A. Gray
Miterwort see: Twoleaf Miterwort	Mitella diphylla L.
Moneywort (Creeping Jenny)	Lysimachia nummularia L.
Moonseed: See Common Moonseed	Menispermum canadense L.
Motherwort	Leonurus cardiaca L.
Mountain Laurel	Kalmia latifolia L.
Mouse-ear Chickweed	Cerastium fontanum emend Jalas ssp. vulgare
Muhly Grass (Marsh Muhly)	Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Mullein (Common)	Verbascum thapsus L.

Nettles - see - Canadian Clearweed - Stinging Nettle (California Nettle) - Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle)
Narrow-leaved Cattail	Typha angustifolia L.
Narrowleaf Hawksbeard	Crepis tectorum L.
New England Aster	Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom [old- Aster novae-angliae]
New England Blazing Star see- Northern Blazing Star	Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell
New Jersey Tea	Ceanothus americanus L.
Nodding Bur Marigold (Nodding Beggar-tick)	Bidens cernua L.
Nodding Trillium	Trillium cernuum L.
Nodding Wakerobin -see- Drooping Trillium	Trillium flexipes Raf.
Nodding Wild Onion	Allium cernuum Roth.
Northern Bedstraw	Galium boreale L.
Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star)	Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell
Northern Bugleweed	Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
Northern Green Orchid (historical plant - not extant)	Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak
Northern Maidenhair Fern	Adiantum pedatum L.
Northern Water Plantain	Alisma triviale Pursh
Northern Willowherb (American Willowherb)	Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.)
Obedient Plant -(False Dragonhead)	Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Ohio Spiderwort (Bluejacket)	Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Old Field Goldenrod - see Gray Goldenrod	Solidago nemoralis Aiton.
Old Man's Beard: See Virgin's Bower	Clematis virginiana L.
Old Man's Whiskers -see- Prairie Smoke	Geum triflorum Pursh
Ontario Aster	Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom
Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star)	Liatris cylindracea Michx.
Orange Day Lily	Hemerocallis fulva L.
Orange Hawkweed	Hieracium aurantiacum L.
Orangefruit Horse Gentian -see- Horse Gentian	Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell
Ostrich Fern	Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Oxeye Daisy	Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Older - Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
Pale Corydalis (historical Garden plant - not extant)	Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.
Pale Indian Plantain	Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Rob.
Pale Jewelweed -see- Pale Touch-me-not	Impatiens pallida Nutt.
Pale Purple Coneflower	Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
Pale Touch-me-not (Pale Jewelweed)	Impatiens pallida Nutt.
Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower	Helianthus strumosus L.
Pale Yellow Iris -see- Yellow Flag Iris	Iris pseudacorus L.
Panicgrass (Scribner's Panicgrass)	Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
Panicled Aster -see White Panicle Aster	Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom
Partridge Berry	Mitchella repens L.
Partridge Pea	Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Paspalum (Hairy Bead Grass)	Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Pasque Flower - Historical, not extant	Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritz.
Pennsylvania Sedge -see Yellow Sedge	Carex pensylvanica Lam.
Pepper Grass	Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Peppermint	Mentha x piperita L. (Prosp.) [aquatica-spicata]
Pepperroot: See Cut-leaved Toothwort	Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) (old- Dentaria laciniata)
Perennial Pea - see Everlasting Pea	Lathyrus latifolius L.
Philadelphia Fleabane (Common fleabane)	Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Phlox - see: - Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox) - Garden Phlox - Wild Blue Phlox - Wild Sweet William
Plain Gentian (Yellowish Gentian)	Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. (old Gentiana flavida)
Plains Wild Indigo	Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot
Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil	Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.)
Poison Ivy - see - Western Poison Ivy
Poke Milkweed	Asclepias exaltata L.
Porcupine Grass	Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth
Prairie Birdsfoot Violet	Viola pedatifida G. Don
Prairie Blazing Star	Liatris pycnostachya Michx.
Prairie Coneflower -see- Long-headed Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Prairie Cordgrass	Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link.
Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed)	Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.
Prairie Dogbane (Indian Hemp)	Apocynum cannabinum L.
Prairie Ironweed -see Ironweed	Vernonia fasciculata Michx.
Prairie Phlox - see Downy Phlox	Phlox pilosa L.
Prairie Ragwort	Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A.Weber & A.Löve
Prairie Rosinweed - see - Prairie Dock	Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.
Prairie Sage -see- White Sagebrush	Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Prairie Shooting Star -See- Shooting Star	Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia
Prairie Smoke (Old Man's Whiskers)	Geum triflorum Pursh
Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose)	Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Prairie Trillium	Trillium recurvatum Beck
Prickly Lettuce	Lactuca serriola L.
Pride of Ohio -see- Shooting Star	Dodecatheon meadia L.
Primroses, see: -Evening Primrose -Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose)
Purple Bergamot	Monarda media Willd.
Purple Coneflower see - Eastern Purple Coneflower	Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Purple Giant Hyssop	Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze.
Purple Loosestrife	Lythrum salicaria L.
Purple Meadow Rue -see- Tall Meadow Rue	Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall. (Older - Thalictrum polygamum)
Purple Prairie Clover	Dalea purpurea Vent. (old - Petalostemum purpureum)
Purplestem Aster	Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum
Purple Trillium	Trillium erectum L.
Pussytoes - Field	Antennaria neglecta Greene
Quackgrass	Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Queen of the Meadow	Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Queen of the Prairie	Filipendula rubra (Hill)
Ragweeds - see - Common Ragweed - Giant Ragweed
Ragwort, Golden	Packera aurea L. [old- Senecio aureus]
Ramp - see Wild Leek	Allium tricoccum Sol.
Rampion Bellflower- see- European Bellflower	Campanula rapunculoides L.
Raspberries and Blackberries -See: - Allegheny Blackberry - Black Raspberry - Dewberry - Dwarf Red Raspberry - Swamp Blackberry - Thimbleberry - Wild Red Raspberry
Rattlesnake-master	Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.
Rattlesnake Root see White Rattlesnake Root	Prenanthes alba L.
Red Baneberry - red berry form	Actaea rubra Willd.
Red Baneberry - white berry form	Actaea rubra Willd.
Red Clover	Trifolium pratense L.
Red Columbine -see- Wild Columbine	Aquilegia canadensis L.
Red Puccoon: See Bloodroot	Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Red Trillium	Trillium sulcatum Patrick
Red Turtlehead	Chelone obliqua L.
Red-top Grass	Agrostis gigantea Roth
Redstem Aster	Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve [old- Aster puniceus]
Reed Canary Grass	Phalaris arundinacea L.
Rice Cutgrass	Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.
Riverbank Grape	Vitis riparia Michx.
Rocky Mountain Blazing Star -see: Large-headed Blazing Star	Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum.
Roses: See- Trees and shrubs at page bottom
Rosin-weed see Wholeleaf Rosinweed	Silphium integrifolium Michx.
Rough Bedstraw	Galium asprellum Michx.
Rough Blazing Star	Liatris aspera Michx.
Rough Buttercup -see- Swamp buttercup	Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Rough Cinquefoil - historical, not extant	Potentilla norvegica L.
Rough Fruited Cinquefoil	Potentilla recta L.
Round-headed Bushclover	Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Round-lobed Hepatica	Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
Roundleaf Greenbriar - historical, not extant	Smilax rotundifolia L.
Royal Fern	Osmunda regalis L.
Rue Anemone	Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & B. Boivin
Running Myrtle see Common Periwinkle	Vinca minor L.
Running Strawberry Bush	Euonymus obovata Nutt.
St. Johnswort, Common	Hypericum perforatum L.
St. Johnswort, Great	Hypericum ascyron L.
Sandwort, Blunt-leaf	Moehringia lateriflora L. [old- Arenaria lateriflora]
Satin Grass (Mexican Muhly)	Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Scarlet Lychnis - Historical plant - not extant	Lychnis chalcedonica L.
Self-Heal see- Heal-all
Sensitive Fern	Onoclea sensibilis L.
Shaggy Blazing Star	Liatris pilosa var pilosa (Aiton) Willd.
Sharp-lobed Hepatica	Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.
Shining Bedstraw	Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray
Shooting Star (Pride of Ohio)	Dodecatheon meadia L.
Showy Beardtongue (Large-flowered Beardtongue)	Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.
Showy Goldenrod	Solidago speciosa Nutt.
Showy Lady's-slipper	Cypripedium reginae Walter
Showy Tick-trefoil (Canada Tick-trefoil)	Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.
Siberian Squill - see Blue Squill	Scilla siberica Haw.
Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster)	Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love [old- Aster lateriflorus]
Sideoats Grama (grass)	Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)	Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom
Silver Cinquefoil	Potentilla argentea L.
Silvery False Spleenwort	Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato
Silvery Scurf Pea	Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes
Sissileleaf Bellwort -see- Wild Oats	Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Skullcaps -See: - Mad-dog Skullcap - Marsh Skullcap
Skunk Cabbage	Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Sky Blue Aster	Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom var. oolentangiense [old - Aster azureus]
Smartweeds: see - - Dotted Smartweed - Spotted Lady's-thumb - Water Smartweed
Smooth Blue Aster	Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve [old- Aster laevis]
Smooth Brome (grass)	Bromus inermis Leyss.
Smooth Oxeye	Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet
Smooth Rockcress	Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.)
Smooth Solomon's Seal (Great Solomon's Seal)	Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum
Smooth Sweet Cicely -see- Anise Root	Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.
Sneezeweed - Historical, not extant.	Helenium autumnale L.
Snow Trillium	Trillium nivale Riddell
Soapwort see - Bouncing Bet	Saponaria officinalis L.
Sow Thistles - see - Field Sow Thistle - Spiny Sow Thistle
Spiderwort - See Ohio Spiderwort (Bluejacket)	Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Spiderwort - (bracted Spiderwort)	Tradescantia bracteata Small
Spiked Blazing Star see Dense Blazing Star	Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.
Spinulose Wood Fern	Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs
Spiny Sow Thistle	Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
Spotted Bee-balm (Horsemint)	Monarda punctata L. (Historical Garden Plant - not extant.
Spotted Geranium -see- Wild Geranium	Geranium maculatum L.
Spotted Joe-Pye Weed	Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H. Rob. (old- Eupatorium maculatum)
Spotted Knapweed	Centaurea biebersteinii L.
Spotted Lady's-thumb - not in the Garden	Persicaria maculosa Gray
Spotted Touch-me-not (Jewelweed)	Impatiens capensis Meerb. ( old - I. biflora)
Spreading Dogbane	Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Star Chickweed	Stellaria pubera Michx.
Starflower	Trientalis borealis Raf.
Stary False Solomon's Seal	Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
Starry Campion (Widowsfrill)	Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton (Historical Garden Plant - not extant.
Stickywilly -see- Cleavers	Galium aparine L.
Stiff Coreopsis	Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Stiff Goldenrod	Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum [old- Solidago rigida]
Stiff-haired Sunflower	Helianthus hirsutus Raf.
Stiff Tickseed - see Stiff Coreopsis	Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Yellow Sunflower types - see: - Compass Plant - Cup Plant - Stiff-haired Sunflower (Woodland Sunflower, Hairy Sunflower) - Paleleaf Sunflower - Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed) - Rosinweed - Smooth Oxeye
Stinging Nettle	Urtica dioica L.
Strawberries -See: - Common Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry
Swamp Beggartick (Purple-stem Beggartick)	Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd.
Swamp Blackberry	Rubus semisetosus Blanch.
Swamp Buttercup (Bristly Buttercup)	Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus
Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife)	Lysmachia terrestis (L.) B.S.P.
Swamp Milkweed	Asclepias incarnata L.
Swamp Saxifrage - Eastern	Saxifraga pensylvanica L.
Swamp Vervain (Blue Vervain)	Verbena hastata L.
Sweet Betsy	Trillium cuneatumRaf.
Sweet Fern	Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult
Sweet-scented Bedstraw -see Fragrant Bedstraw
Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed	Eupatorium purpureum L.
Sweet Rocket - see Dame's Rocket
Sweet Viburnum: See Nannyberry	Viburnum lentago L.
Switch Grass	Panicum virgatum L.
Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)	Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small
Tall Buttercup	Ranunculus acris L.
Tall Meadow Rue (Purple Meadow Rue)	Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall.
Tall Thimbleweed	Anemone virginiana L.
Talus Slope Penstemon -see- Foxglove Beardtongue)	Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims
Thimbleberry (Flowering Raspberry)	Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Thimbleweed	Anemone cylindrica L.
Thin-leaved Coneflower	Rudbeckia triloba L.
Thistles - see above - -Bull Thistle -Canada Thistle -Field Thistle -Comparison sheet - all Minnesota Thistles
Threepetal Bedstraw	Galium trifidum L.
Tick Trefoils - see: - Canada Tick-trefoil (Showy Tick-trefoil) - Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil
Timothy	Phleum pratense L.
Toadflax, Bastard	Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Toadshade (Sessile Trillium)	Trillium sessile L.
Trilliums - see: - Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin or Declining Trillium) - Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium) - Prairie Trillium - Purple Trillium - Red Trillium - Snow Trillium - Sweet Betsy - Toadshade (Sessile Trillium) - Yellow Trillium (Yellow Wakerobin)
Toothworts -see: - Cut-leaved Toothwort - Two-leaved Toothwort
Touch-me-nots -see: - Pale Touch-me-not (a Jewelweed) - Spotted Touch-me-not (a Jewelweed)
Trailing Wild Bean (Amberique Bean)	Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott
Trees and Large Shrubs - see bottom of page
Tufted Loosestrife	Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
True Forget-me-not	Myosotis scorpioides L.
Turk's-cap Lily & Michigan Lily	Lilium superbum L. and Lilium michiganense L.
Turtlehead (White Turtlehead)	Chelone glabra L.
Twinleaf	Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.
Two-leaved toothwort	Cardamine diphylla (Michx) Alph. Wood [former - Dentaria diphylla]
Twoleaf Miterwort (Bishop's Cap)	Mitella diphylla L.
Upright Prairie Coneflower -see- Long-headed Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Veiny Pea (Veiny Vetchling)	Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Vervains - see: - Hoary Vervain - Swamp (Blue) Vervain - White Vervain
Violets - see: - Arrowleaf Violet - Canada Violet - Common Blue Violet, (Wooly Blue Violet) - Downy Yellow Violet - Prairie Birdsfoot Violet
Virgin's Bower	Clematis virginiana L.
Virginia Bluebells	Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link
Virginia Creeper	Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.
Virginia Mountain Mint	Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D.Jackson ex B.L. Robins & Fernald.
Virginia Spring Beauty - Historical, not extant	Claytonia virginica L.
Virginia Stickseed (Beggar's Lice)	Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst.
Virginia Strawberry -see- Common Strawberry	Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Virginia Waterleaf (Eastern Waterleaf)	Hydrophyllum virginianum L.
Water Arum -see- Wild Calla	Calla palustris L.
Water Chickweed -see - Long-leaved Chickweed	Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Water Hemlock - Historical, not extant	Cicuta maculata L.
Water Horehound	Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton
Water Horsetail	Equisetum fluviatile L.
Water Smartweed - not in the Garden	Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray
Western Mugwort -see- White Sagebrush	Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Western Panicgrass	Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann
Western Poison Ivy (not in the Garden)	Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene
Western Silver Aster (Silky Aster)	Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom
White Arrowleaf Aster (Arrow-leaved Aster)	Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom
White Avens	Geum canadense Jacq.
White Baneberry	Actaea pachypoda Elliot
White Campion - Historical, not extant	Silene latifolia Poir.
White Clover	Trifolium repens L.
White False Indigo	Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
White Fawn Lily -see- White Trout lily	Erythronium albidum Nutt.
White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)	Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom [old- Aster ericoides]
White Panicle Aster	Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom
White Prairie Clover	Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd
White Rattlesnake Root	Prenanthes alba L.
White Sagebrush (Prairie Sage)	Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
White Snakeroot	Ageratina altissima L. [old- Eupatorium rugosum]
White Sweet Clover	Melilotus alba Medikus
White Trillium -see- Large Flowered Trillium	Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb.
White Trout-lily (White Fawn Lily)	Erythronium albidum Nutt.
White Turtlehead - see Turtlehead
White Vervain	Verbena urticifolia L.
White Wood Aster	Eurybia divaricata (L.) G. L. Nesom
Wholeleaf Rosinweed (Rosinweed)	Silphium integrifolium Michx.
Whorled Loosestrife	Lysimachia quadrifolia L.
Whorled Milkweed	Asclepias verticillata L.
Widowsfrill - see Starry Campion	Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton
Wild Anise - see Blue Giant Hyssop	Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Wild Bean -see- Groundnut	Apios americana Medik.
Wild Bergamont	Monarda fistulosa L.
Wild Blue Indigo - see False Blue Indigo	Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
Wild Blue Phlox	Phlox divaricata L.
Wild Calla (Water Arum)	Calla palustris L.
Wild Columbine (Red Columbine)	Aquilegia canadensis L.
Wild Cucumber (not extant)	Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
Wild Four-o clock: See Heart-leaved Four O'clock	Mirabilis nyctaginea(Michx.) MacMill.
Wild Garlic	Allium canadense L.
Wild Geranium (Spotted Geranium)	Geranium maculatum L.
Wild Ginger (Canadian Wild Ginger)	Asarum canadense L.
Wild Grape -see- Riverbank Grape	Vitis riparia Michx.
Wild Leek (Ramp)	Allium tricoccum Sol.
Wild Lettuce	Lactuca canadensis L.
Wild Lupine	Lupinus perennis L.
Wild Mint (Field Mint)	Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis
Wild Morning Glory: See Hedge Bindweed)	Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (old - Convolvulus sepium)
Wild Oats (Sissileleaf Bellwort)	Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Wild Onion (Autumn Onion)	Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl.
Wild Pea - see Veiny Pea	Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Wild Poinsettia	Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
Wild Quinine (American Feverfew)	Parthenium integrifolium L.
Wild Red Raspberry	Rubus idaeus L.
Wild Rye	Elymus sp.
Wild Sarsaparilla	Aralia nudicaulis L.
Wild Sweet William - Historical, not extant	Phlox maculata L.
Wild White Indigo - see White False Indigo	Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
Wild Yamroot	Dioscorea villosa L.
Willow Amsonia -see Eastern Bluestar	Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt.
Willowherb	Epilobium coloratum Biehler
Winter Cress - Not in the Garden	Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Wintergreen (Eastern Teaberry)	Gaultheria procumbens L.
Witch's Moneybags - see- Live Forever	Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. [old- Sedum telephium]
Wood Anemone	Anemone quinquefolia L.
Wood Lily	Lilium philadelphicum L.
Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle)	Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell
Wood Poppy (Celandine Poppy)	Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
Wood Sage - see Canada Germander	Teucrium canadense L.
Woodbine (Grape Woodbine)	Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.
Woodland Strawberry	Fragaria vesca L.
Woodland Sunflower	Helianthus divaricatus L.
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium L.
Yellow Day Lily	Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. (Old H. flava)
Yellow Flag Iris (Pale Yellow Iris)	Iris pseudacorus L.
Yellow Foxtail (grass)	Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. pumila
Yellow Goatsbeard	Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy]
Yellow Hawkweed see Canadian Hawkweed	Hieracium canadense var. canadense Michx.
Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater)	Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight (older -Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens)
Yellow Marsh Marigold -see- Marsh Marigold	Caltha palustris L.
Yellow Ox-eye - see Smooth Oxeye	Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet
Yellow Oxalis -see Common Yellow Oxalis
Yellow Rocket - not in the Garden	Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Yellow Salsify -see Meadow Goatsbeard
Yellow Sedge (Pennsylvania Sedge)	Carex pensylvanica Lam.
Yellow Sweet Clover	Meliotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Yellow Trillium (Yellow wakerobin)	Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison
Yellow Trout-lily (Dogtooth Violet)	Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.
Yellow Violet -see- Downey Yellow Violet	Viola pubescens Aiton
Yellow Wakerobin -see- Yellow Trillium	Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison
Yellow Wood Sorrel	Oxalis dilenii Jacq.
Zigzag Goldenrod	Solidago flexicaulis L.

Trees and Large Shrubs
Alder - Speckled	Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa
American Basswood	Tilia americana L.
American Bladdernut	Staphylea trifolia L.
American Cranberrybush	Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton.
American Hazelnut	Corylus americana Walter
American Horsechestnut - see Ohio Buckeye
American Plum -see- Wild Plum	Prunus americana Marsh.
Arrowwood -see - Southern Arrowwood	Viburnum dentatum L.
Ashes
----Black Ash	Fraxinus nigra Marshall
----Green Ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
----White Ash	Fraxinus americana L.
Aspens
----Bigtooth Aspen	Populus grandidentata Michx.
----Quaking Aspen	Populus tremuloides Michx.
Balm of Giliad (Balsam Popular) - in compilation	Populus balsamifera L. subsp. balsamifera
Beaked Hazelnut - Historical, not extant	Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta
Birches
----Paper Birch (White Birch)	Betula papyrifera Marshall
----River Birch	Betula nigra L.
----Yellow Birch	Betula alleghaniensis Britton
Black Alder See - Winterberry	Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
Black Locust	Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Black Walnut	Juglans nigra L.
Bladdernut see American Bladdernut	Staphylea trifolia L.
Box Elder	Acer negundo L.
Buckthorn - Common	Rhamnus cathartica L.
Buckthorn - Glossy	Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.]
Butternut	Juglans cinerea L.
Buttonbush	Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Cedars
----Eastern Red Cedar	Juniperus virginiana L.
----Northern White Cedar	Thuja occidentalis L.
Cherries
----Black Cherry	Prunus serotina Ehrh.
----Chokecherry	Prunus virginiana L.
----Pin Cherry	Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
Chokeberry
----Black Chokeberry	Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) K.R. Robertson & Phipps
----Red Chokeberry (not extant)	Photinia pyrifolia Lam.
Common Buttonbush	Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Common Ninebark - see- Ninebark	Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.
Coralberry - coming	Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench
Cottonwood (Plains Cottonwood)	Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall
Cranberry
----American Cranberrybush (Highbush Cranberry)	Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton. [Old = Viburnum trilobum]
----European Cranberrybush	Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus
Currants
----American Black Currant (Wild Black Currant)	Ribes americanum Mill.
----Garden Currant	Ribes rubrum L.
Dogwoods
----Gray Dogwood	Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
----Pale Dogwood (Silky Dogwood)	Cornus obliqua Raf.
----Pagoda Dogwood (Alternate-leaf Dogwood)	Cornus alternifolia L. f.
----Red Osier Dogwood	Cornus sericea L.
Eastern Hophornbeam - see Hophornbeam	Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Eastern Leatherwood	Dirca palustris L.
Eastern Wahoo	Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq. var. atropurpurea
Elderberries
----Canada Elderberry (American Black Elderberry)	Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
----Red Elderberry (Elderberry) (Common Elderberry)	Sambucus racemosa L.
Elms
----American Elm	Ulmus americana L.
----Red Elm (Slippery Elm) - coming	Ulmus rubra L.
Fireberry Hawthorn (Red Hawthorn)	Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Flame Azalea	Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.
Gooseberries
----Eastern Prickly Gooseberry	Ribes cynosbati L.
----Missouri Gooseberry	Ribes missouriense Nutt.
Hawthorn	Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Hazelnut - see American Hazelnut
Hemlock - Eastern	Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière
Hickories
Bitternut Hickory	Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch
Shagbark Hickory	Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch
Highbush Cranberry (American Cranberrybush)	Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton. [Old = Viburnum trilobum]
Honeysuckles
----Climbing Honeysuckle (Limber Honeysuckle)	Lonicera dioica L.
----Northern Bush Honeysuckle	Diervilla lonicera Mill.
----Tatarian Honeysuckle	Lonicera tatarica L.
Hoptree	Ptelea trifoliata L.
Hophornbeam (Ironwood)	Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Ironwood See Hophornbeam	Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Kentucky Coffeetree	Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch
Larch See: Tamarack	Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
Leatherwood: See Eastern Leatherwood	Dirca palustris L.
Locust
----Black Locust	Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Maples
----Black Maple - coming
----Box Elder	Acer negundo L.
----Mountain Maple	Acer spicatum Lam.
----Norway Maple	Acer platanoides L.
----Red Maple	Acer rubrum L.
----Silver Maple	Acer saccharinum L.
----Striped Maple	Acer pensylvanicum L.
----Sugar Maple	Acer saccharum Marshall
Mock Orange	Philadelphus sp.
Musclewood (Blue Beech)	Carpinus caroliniana Walter ssp. virginiana
Nannyberry	Viburnum lentago L.
Ninebark	Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.
Oaks
----Black Oak - coming
----Bur Oak	Quercus macrocarpa Michx.
----Northern Pin Oak	Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill
----Northern Red Oak	Quercus rubra L.
----Swamp White Oak	Quercus bicolor Willd.
----White Oak	Quercus alba L.
Ohio Buckeye (American Horsechestnut)	Aesculus glabra Willd.
Pines
----Eastern White Pine	Pinus strobus L.
----Red Pine (Norway Pine)	Pinus resinosa Aiton.
Pinkshell Azalea	Rhododendron vaseyi A. Gray
Prairie Willow	Salix humilis Marshall
Prickly-ash	Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.
Pussy Willow	Salix discolor Muhl.
Red Juniper: See cedars - Eastern Red Cedar	Juniperus virginiana L.
Roses
----Carolina Rose (Pasture Rose)	Rosa carolina L.
----Climbing Rose (Illinois Rose)	Rosa setigera Michx.
----Prairie Rose (Arkansas Rose)	Rosa arkansana var. suffulta
----Prickly Rose	Rosa acicularlis Lindl.
----Smooth Rose	Rosa blanda Aiton
----Woods' Rose	Rosa woodsii Lindl.
----Wild Roses Comparison Sheet	All 6 roses in the Garden
Serviceberry
----Downy Serviceberry (Downy Juneberry)	Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald
----Saskatoon Serviceberry	Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Roemer
Speckled Alder	Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa
Spruces
----Black Spruce - in compilation	Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.
----Norway Spruce	Picea abies (L.) Karst.
----White Spruce	Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
Sumacs
----Fragrant Sumac	Rhus aromatica Aiton
----Smooth Sumac	Rhus glabra L.
----Staghorn Sumac	Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth [Rhus typhina L. ]
Snowberry	Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake
Southern Arrowwood	Viburnum dentatum L.
Tamarack (Larch)	Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
Wahoo - see Eastern Wahoo
Wild Plum	Prunus americana Marsh.
Willows
----Black Willow	Salix nigra Marshall
----Prairie Willow	Salix humilis Marshall
----Pussy Willow	Salix discolor Muhl.
Winterberry	Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
Witch Hazel	Hamamelis virginiana L.
Wolfberry	Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.
Yellowwood	Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd
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Common Invasive Non-native Plants
Plants listed here are from the Minnesota invasive non-native terrestrial plant list of the MN DNR with a few additions from the Federal Prohibited and Noxious Plants List and some common plants that are not listed but are invasive.
Birdsfoot Trefoil (not in Garden)	Lotus corniculatus L.
Black Bindweed (not in Garden)	Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve
Black Locust	Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Black Mustard (not in Garden)	Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Buckthorn - Common	Rhamnus cathartica L.
Buckthorn - Glossy	Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.]
Bull Thistle (not in Garden)	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Butter and Eggs	Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Canada Thistle	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy)	Glechoma hederacea L.
Crown Vetch (not in Garden)	Coronilla varia L.
Dodder - Common	Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult
Everlasting Pea (not in Garden)	Lathyrus latifolius L.
Field Pennycress (not in Garden)	Thlaspi arvense L.
Field Sow Thistle (not in Garden)	Sonchus arvensis L.
Garlic Mustard	Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Grecian Foxglove	Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Hoary Alyssum (not in Garden)	Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
Japanese Hedge Parsley (not in Garden)	Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Japanese Knotweed	Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.
Leafy Spurge	Euphorbia esula L.
Norway Maple	Acer platanoides L.
Orange Hawkweed	Hieracium aurantiacum L.
Oxeye Daisy	Leucanthemum vulgare Lam
Purple Loosestrife	Lythrum salicaria L.
Smooth Brome (grass)	Bromus inermis Leyss.
Spotted Knapweed	Centaurea biebersteinii L.
White Sweet Clover	Melilotus alba Medikus
Yellow Flag Iris (Pale Yellow Iris)	Iris pseudacorus L.
Yellow Rocket - (not in Garden)	Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Yellow Sweet Clover	Meliotus officinalis (L.) Lam.

For References used on the plant pages see:	Reference List
The complete Vascular Plant Census -2009, created by the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board	Download as a pdf file (2.4 mb)
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